Burner



NOV. 29, 1938. w n' 2,138,128

BURNER Filed April 11, 1935 s Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

H4, A TTORNEY Nov. 29, 1938.

5. WHITE BURNER Filed April 11, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. .Szam/ora W/n'fe m A TTORNEY Nov. 29, 1938, HTE 2,138,128

BURNER Filed April 11, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 S ugmggokf fam ar /71' e m A TTORNEY Patented Nov. 29, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 10 Claims.

This invention relates to burners and particularly such as are adapted to be used in lamps, lanterns and the like.

While my improved burner is adapted to burn gas or other fuel, in the specific embodiment of the invention herein disclosed, oil is employed which is fed to the burner through a wick and there evaporated and burned in gaseous condition.

One object of my invention is to provide a burner which produces a steady flame of maximum luminosity for the fuel employed and a further object is to provide a burner which so protects the flame as to prevent its extinguishment by a strong draft or wind.

In carrying out my invention, I surround the flame by a number of air directing plates or surfaces which are so formed as to secure a steady flow of air to the flame without the creation of vacuum or low pressure conditions and at the same time without the formation of violent eddies on the flame side of the plates, as will be more fully explained hereafter.

' In certain'cases, I also provide means for dividing the flame into two or more parts with a burner construction such that'a draft of air which will extinguish one part will not extinguish the remaining part, with the result that the part which has been extinguished will be immediately relighted from the remaining parts as soon as the draft ceases.

A further object of my invention is to provide an improved flame spreading device whereby the luminosity of the flame is greatly increased.

Other objects and advantages will appear from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a top plan view of the oil container of a lantern, surrounding casing, font and one form of my improved burner, all in assembled relation; J

Figure 2 is a side View of the structure shown in Figure 1 with the oil receptacle and casing shown partly in section and partly broken away;

figure 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the burner shown in Figure 1, the section being take along the line 33 of Figure 4;

Figure 4 is a central longitudinal sectional View taken on the line 44 of Figure 3 with the wick tube shown partly in elevation;

Figure 5 is a transverse section of the burner taken on the line 55 of Figure 4;

Figure 6 is a perspective view partly broken away of the two parts of the burner, spaced from one another to illustrate the manner in which they can be fitted together;

Figure '7 is a top plan view of a burner showing a modification of my invention;

Figure 8 is a sectional view, partly in elevation, taken on the line 8-8 of Figure 7;

Figure 9 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 99 of Figure 8;

Figure 10 is a sectional view of the burner taken on the line I 0-H] of Fig. 11 showing a 10 further modification of my invention;

Figure 11 is a. view partly in elevation and partly in section on the line ll-ll of Figure 10;

Figure 12 is a sectional view partly in elevation taken on the line l2--l2 of Figure 11;

Figure 13 is an enlarged perspective view of the structures shown in Figures 10 to 12 with parts broken oil"; I

Figure 14 is a perspective view of a burner forming a further modification including a spe- 20 cially constructed flame spreader; V s Figure 15 is a sectional view taken on the line l5-l5 of Figure 14;

Figure 16 is a sectional View taken on the line 5-46 of Figure 15;

Figure 1'7 is a transverse enlarged sectional view taken on the line H|T of Figure 15;

Figure 18 is a side elevation partly in central longitudinal section of a still further modification; and

Figure 19 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line l'9--I9 of Figure 18.

Referring more particularly to the form of invention shown in Figures 1 to 6, reference character 20 represents an outer annular casing of a lantern base into which the oil receptacle 2! rests. The casing 20 has air openings 20 as is usual in this'type of base. The receptacle 2| is provided with a font cap 22 which has the wick tube 2-3 surmounted by the burner 24. It will be 40 understood that the outer structure of the Ian-- tern may be any of a number of types or the burner 24 may be applied to a lamp, cigarette lighter or other lighting or igniting device and when used as a lantern the top dome may be any of a number of types.

Mounted at the top of the wick tube 23 is a pan 25 which as shown in Figures 3 and 6 has a central opening 26 through which the upper end of the wick projects and the pan extends some distance laterally and longitudinally from the wick.

The dimensions of Figures 1 to 6 as well as the other figures of the drawings are in correct proportion to those of actual structures employed 5:;

by me. In one type of burner which I have found quite satisfactory, the pan is of an inch high.

Secured to the upper edge of the pan and extending outwardly and downwardly are two flaring plates or sheets 21 which form air directing surfaces leading to the top of the pan and secured to the top of two end plates 28 is a skirt 29 formed of side and end plates which as will be seen in Figure 4 is spaced vertically above the skirt 29. While the end plates 28 may be permanently attached to the top of the pan, in the form of invention I have shown, they are formed with inset portions 30 which fit into the ends of the pan and provide a support for the skirt. The skirt as will be seen is formed of four curved plates and by reference to Figure 5 it will be seen that the side plates of the skirt and the side plates 21 form a passage between them for supplying air to the flame, this passage curving convexly toward the flame and being of decreasing area in cross section as the flame is approached. Furthermore, it will be noted that the curvature of the plates and the passage between them increases as the flame is approached. It will also be noticed that the spaces at the ends of the pan are closed by the plates 28, these plates extending a short distance along the side of the pan thus also closing part of the space between the side plates. In operation, when the burner shown in Figures 1 to 6 is lighted, the pan 25 quickly becomes heated and filled with oil vapor, this vapor burning quietly with high luminosity. Air is fed to the flame between the skirt 29 and the plates 21 and also above the skirt 29. I have indicated the direction of the currents as guided by the plates or wall by solid arrows in Figures 4 and 5. Should the burner be subject to a violent draft, the air reaching the flame will take a course indicated approximately by the dotted arrows. Eddies in the air will be created but the directions surfaces or guiding walls 21 and 29 are such that these eddies will fall outside the flame area and not extinguish the flame. Should the draft proceed from the end of the pan as indicated by the arrows in Figure l, the plates or barriers 28 will prevent the blowing out of the flame by a draft entering between the skirts; whereas the current of air over the end plate of the skirt will be direct over the flame. By the form of the passage between the skirt and plates 21 the air passes upward at an accelerated speed and the form of the plates is such that the air passes smoothly along them without the creation of excessive eddies.

To prevent the possibility of such eddies putting the flame out, as may occur under extreme conditions, I find that by the employment of the baffle 35 shown in Figures 18 and 19 that the extinguishment of the flame will be limited to that part on one side of the baflle and immediately when the draft has ceased, the part of the flame which is still burning will relight the part that has been extinguished. This bafile as clearly shown in these figures is a thin plate formed with supporting legs 36 suitably secured to the top of the pan 25 midway of the length thereof. A similar baffle can be supported from the skirt 29 of the form of invention shown in Figures 1 to 6. In the form of invention shown in Figures 18 and 19, a single skirt 3'! is employed which is secured at its top to the top of the pan. In order to function satisfactorily, the lower edge of the baflle 35 should be spaced from the bottom of the pan or the wick at about the distance shown in Figures l8 and [9, that is, less than of an inch.

In the form of invention shown in Figures 7 to 9 inclusive, the skirt 4!! is supported at its corners on rods 4| extending upwardly from the font, this skirt being located some distance above the top of the pan 25. The space between the top of the pan and the skirt 40 is closed at the ends by channel shaped plates 42 which extend a short distance along the sides of the pan leaving between them spaces 43 for the supply of air to the flame. Thus it will be seen that at each side of the pan there will be two currents of air supplied to the flame, one below the skirt and one above the skirt; whereas at the ends of the flame, and also for a distance along the side, the air'will be supplied only from above .the skirt.

In the form of invention shown in Figures 10 to 13, I provide a box-like structure 50 having sides 5! and ends 52 which are provided with downwardly extending portions 53 for supporting the structure from the font. The skirt 54 as will be seen from Figure 12 is supported at some distance above the pan 25 while the body portion of the structure 50 extends below the pan on the sides and ends and is spaced from the pan at the sides and in contact with the pan at the ends. This leaves an air conducting passage 56 at the side of the pan, there being, however, no communication at the ends of the pan. Plates 53 are cut away at 53 to provide an additional space for air to enter at the sides beneath the skirt.

The form of invention shown in Figures 14 to 17 is the same as that shown in Figures 1 to 6 except that I have added two flame spreading plates 60 which are supported in any convenient manner as by posts 6| extending upwardly from the corners of the skirt 29. The upper edge of each plate 60 has an upward curve as indicated at 62, this edge lying in a vertical plane and as will be seen from Figures 14 and 16 the plates 60 extend longitudinally beyond the pan terminating at approximately in line with the outer edge of the skirt 29. The plates 60 flare outwardly, there being a slight outward bulge in the plates as indicated at 63. With the plates 60 applied the flame is considerably longer horizontally than that produced by the structure shown in Figures 1 to 6. It will be understood that the plates 60 may be applied to any of the forms of burners disclosed.

The baflle shown in Figures 18 and 19 may be obviously, if desired, applied to any of the forms of burners disclosed as well as other burners now in use.

Having now described my invention, What I claim'and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:-

l. A burner having means for forming an elongated flame, means for supplying air to the sides of said flame consisting of walls forming an inwardly and upwardly gradually curved passage meeting the base of the flame at an acute angle, a barrier to prevent flow of air to the base of said flame at each end, and means supplying air to the ends of said flame at a higher elevation, said latter means comprising guiding walls curving inwardly and upwardly and meeting the flame at an acute angle.

2. In a burner, a wick holder, a pan surrounding said wick holder, metal side sheets secured at their top to the top of the pan and bent'convex to the pan and of gradually increasing curvature as the pan is approached and a skirt sup ported above said pan, said skirt being formed of side and end sheets, said last mentioned side and end sheets being of substantially the form and curvature of said first mentioned sheets.

3. The structure claimed in claim 2 wherein there is provided additional side sheets located above and spaced from said skirt, said additional. sheets curving gradually inwardly and upwardly and bulging outward along their length.

4. The structure claimed in claim 2 wherein a barrier is interposed between the ends of the pan and skirt and there is also provided a baflle plate extending transversely across the flame area at an intermediate point of its length and at an elevation above said skirt.

5. In a burner, a holder for a wick elongated in cross section, a pan surrounding the top of said wick holder, metal end sheets secured at their top to the top of the pan, the sheets extending down from the pan and the sheets being bent convex toward the pan and a baffle plate extending transversely of the flame area at an intermediate point of the flamev length and at a slight elevation above said pan.

6. In a burner, a wick holder, a pan surrounding said wick holder, metal side sheets secured at their top to the top of the pan and bent convex to the pan and of gradually increasing curvature as the pan is approached, and a skirt supported above said pan, said skirt being formed of side and end. sheets, said side sheets being of substantially the form and curvature of said first mentioned sheets.

7. The structure claimed in claim 2 wherein a barrier is interposed between the ends of the pan and the skirt.

8. The structure claimed in claim 2 wherein the barrier is interposed between the ends of the pan and the skirt, and wherein additional side sheets are provided located above said skirt and having a form similar to the side sheets of said skirt.

9. The structure claimed in claim 2 wherein there is provided additional side sheets located above and spaced from said skirt, said additional sheets curving gradually inwardly and upwardly.

10. In a burner, a holder for a wick elongated in cross section, a pan surrounding the top of the wick holder, metal side sheets secured at their top to the top of the pan, the sheets extending down from the pan and the sheets being bent convex toward the pan, other side sheets located above said first named sheets, said last named sheets being bent downwardly and outwardly convex toward the pan, and a baffle plate extending transversely of the flame area at an intermediate point of thefiame length and at a slight elevation above said pan.

STAMFORD WHITE. 

